Observed Atmospheric Features for the 2022 Hunga Tonga Volcanic Eruption from Joint Polar Satellite System Science Data Products

The Joint Polar Satellite System (JPSS) mission has provided over ten years of high-quality data products for environment forecasting and monitoring through the current Suomi National Polar-orbiting Partnership (S-NPP) NOAA-20 satellites. Particularly, sensor record (SDR) derived environmental (EDR) from Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite (VIIRS), Cross-track Sounder (CrIS), Advanced Technology Microwave (ATMS), Ozone Mapping Profiler (OMPS) offer an unprecedented opportunity to observe severe weather events Earth. This paper presents observations about atmospheric features Hunga Tonga Volcanic eruption January 2022, e.g., gravity wave, volcanic cloud, aerosol (sulfate) plume phenomena, by using ATMS, CrIS, OMPS, VIIRS SDR EDR products. Powerful waves ringing atmosphere after volcano are discovered at two CrIS upper sounding channels (670 cm−1 2320 cm−1) in deviations observed brightness temperature (O) simulated baseline (B) Community Radiative Transfer Model (CRTM), i.e., O—B. A similar pattern is also ATMS global maps channel 15, whose peak weighting function around 40 km, showing disturbance caused that reached km above surface. cloud (plume) was captured OMPS SO2 product. wave were native resolution image S-NPP I-5 band nighttime observations. In addition, Aerosol Optical Depth (AOD) tracked successfully. These discoveries demonstrate scientific potential JPSS tracking its impacts. uniquely all four advanced sensors onboard satellites, with different spectral coverages spatial resolutions.